Bartholin cyst forms when a Bartholin gland in the vagina becomes blocked. Because of this obstruction, a lump forms, which can be uncomfortable when walking, sitting, or engaging in intercourse. Bartholin cysts, in some cases, can shrink on their own. In the event of infection, medical attention may be required.
Women of childbearing age are most prone to developing Bartholin cysts/abscesses. It is most common in young women, but its prevalence rises with age up until menopause. Two percent of annual gynecologic visits are due to women experiencing symptoms associated with Bartholin cysts and abscesses.
Experts think a buildup of fluid causes a Bartholin’s cyst. Fluid can begin to build when the duct leading from a gland becomes blocked, as can happen due to illness or damage.
An abscess can develop from a Bartholin’s cyst if it becomes infected. Some bacteria that can cause this infection include Escherichia coli and other bacteria that cause sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Many Bartholin cysts are small and only cause mild irritation. Bartholin cyst or abscess symptoms may include:
Many Bartholin cysts are small and only cause mild irritation. Bartholin cyst or abscess symptoms may include:
While Bartholin’s cyst is not preventable, there are ways to minimize the risk. Using a condom during every sexual intercourse can significantly lower the chances of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that could lead to the development of a cyst. Keeping up with healthy hygiene habits helps prevent a cyst from becoming an abscess.
References
Lee WA, Wittler M. Bartholin Gland Cyst. [Updated 2022 Aug 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532271/
John’s Hopkins Medicine (2022). Bartholin’s Cyst. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bartholin-cyst/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369981
Cleveland Clinic (2022). Bartholin Cyst. Retrieved November 8, 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17737-bartholin-cyst